This study investigates the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on serum markers of prostate cancer, and semen quality, in male Wistar rats. The rats were administered varying doses of MSG (15mg, 50mg, 100mg, 500mg, and 1000mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Our results showed that 15mg/kg MSG significantly decreased serum markers of prostate cancer (TAP, TPSA, FPSA) and increased GGT levels, indicating a positive influence on the prostate gland. In contrast, 50mg and 100mg/kg MSG improved semen quality by boosting sperm count, viability, and morphology. Notably, MSG exhibited a dual dose-dependent hormetic behavior, where low doses elicited favorable responses, but higher doses elicited negative responses. These findings suggest that 15mg/kg MSG may be considered for prostate cancer treatment research, while 500mg/kg MSG may be used to induce prostate cancer in rats with prolong use. Controlled administration of 50mg/kg MSG and antioxidants may be beneficial in treating male infertility and protecting against prostate cancer. The study's results have implications for the use of MSG in food and pharmaceutical applications, and highlight the need for further research into its potential health implications.

The aim of this work is a description of quantitatively and qualitatively physical processes for proton therapy when a proton pencil beam passes through a water phantom. Therefore, at first, we determine the absorbed dose with both Maple programming and Geant4 simulation in the suggested water phantom. Then, we used as CSDA method to calculate the proton range and range straggling. Also with the Highland formula the mean scattering angle is calculated and following it we investigate the inelastic cross-section, the ionization, and excitation by protons in the inner and outer shells as well as charge transfer, stripping, and ionization by neutral hydrogen.  Finally, we estimate the probabilities of charge state and stopping cross section and straggling and fragmentation. The height, width, and depth of Bragg's peak are discussed through the investigation of collisions, processing, and random phenomena.

Breakthroughs in sequencing technologies have overturned the notion that tumor tissues are sterile, revealing that a wide array of bacteria, fungi, and viruses—collectively known as the intratumoral microbiota—inhabit tumors across diverse cancer types. These microorganisms, which can colonize tumors via mucosal barrier disruption, adjacent tissue spread, or hematogenous routes, have emerged as critical modulators of the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that intratumoural microbiota influence cancer biology by inducing genomic instability, altering epigenetic landscapes, promoting chronic inflammation, evading immune surveillance, and reshaping tumor metabolism. The diversity and composition of these microbial communities vary by tumor type and stage, with distinct microbial signatures linked to patient prognosis and therapeutic response. As research progresses, the intratumoural microbiota are being recognized not only as biomarkers for early cancer detection and prognosis but also as promising targets for innovative therapies, particularly in the context of immunotherapy. While challenges remain in elucidating the origins, functions, and safe manipulation of these microbes, ongoing advances hold the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment through microbiota-targeted strategies. This review summarizes the characteristics and origins of intratumoural microbiota, their prognostic significance, and their emerging applications in cancer therapy.

data on cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality. This paper reviews the development, current status, and challenges of the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) program in Iran. Since the 1950s, Iran has made significant efforts to establish systematic cancer registration, culminating in the expansion of PBCRs across multiple provinces. The Golestan Province Cancer Registry was the first Iranian registry included in the international Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) report in 2014, with Ardabil Province joining in 2023, reflecting growing international recognition. The Iranian PBCR program has evolved through national legislation mandating cancer reporting, expansion from pathology-based to population-based registries, and continuous quality improvement initiatives. Despite progress, challenges remain, including underreporting, data completeness, and timeliness. The most recent national PBCR report (2018) documented approximately 141,000 new cancer cases with age-standardized incidence rates of 182.8 and 165.3 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. Regional disparities were evident, with higher rates of oesophageal, stomach, and lung cancers in northern provinces and breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers more common centrally. Projections indicate a 42.6% increase in new cancer cases by 2025, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced cancer control strategies. Survival analyses reveal substantial variation by cancer type and region, with higher survival in provinces with better socioeconomic indicators. Furthermore, modifiable risk factors such as smoking, overweight, opium use, and Helicobacter pylori infection contribute significantly to cancer burden in Iran. To strengthen the PBCR program, priorities include timely publication of reports, improving data quality and coverage, and expanding international certification and publication. Sustained political commitment and resource allocation are essential to optimize cancer surveillance and support evidence-based policy to reduce Iran’s growing cancer burden.

Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit., a perennial species of the Apocynaceae family, is distributed across temperate regions of Asia and Europe but occurs only in limited areas of northern Iran, particularly along the Alborz Mountains. Members of the Apocynaceae are known for producing pharmacologically active monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), including Tubotaiwine and Vinervine, which serve as precursors of anticancer agents used in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. In this study, aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) of Vinca herbacea were collected from the Baleskuh protected area, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Ethanolic extracts were prepared by cold maceration and analyzed using LC-MS. Results indicated the presence of Vinervine (m/z 339.25) in leaves and stems, while Tubotaiwine (m/z 325.32–325.33) was detected in all aerial organs. MassLynx data confirmed molecular ions and isotopic patterns consistent with previous reports of these alkaloids. To our knowledge, this is the first global report of Tubotaiwine and Vinervine in Vinca herbacea, expanding the phytochemical profile of this species. Given their reported anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, these findings highlight the pharmacological and biotechnological potential of Vinca herbacea and warrant further confirmatory studies, including LC-MS/MS, NMR-based structural elucidation, and bioactivity assays