Impact of Radiotherapy on Electrolyte and Hematological Parameters in Prostate Cancer: Curative vs. Palliative Groups

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, with radiotherapy being a key treatment modality. However, radiotherapy often leads to hematological and electrolyte imbalances, adversely impacting patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of radiotherapy on electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and chloride) and hematological parameters (leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets) in prostate cancer patients. The study also compares these effects between curative and palliative treatment groups. Methods: Twenty prostate cancer patients were included in the study, divided into curative (n=10) and palliative (n=10) groups. Blood samples were collected before and after radiotherapy, they were analyzed using the Swelab Alpha analyzer, while electrolyte levels were measured with Jokoh Ex-DS and Roche Integra 400 Plus analyzers. Patients received 3DCRT and VMAT.    Results: Significant differences were observed in calcium (p = 0.018) and phosphate (p = 0.005) levels, with higher values in the curative group. Other electrolytes (magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride) showed no significant changes. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease in white blood cells and hemoglobin in the curative group, indicating bone marrow suppression. In contrast, the palliative group demonstrated stable white blood cell levels and increased platelet counts post-treatment. Conclusion: Radiotherapy affects biochemical and hematological parameters differently in curative and palliative settings. Personalized monitoring of these parameters is essential to mitigate complications and improve patient outcomes.