New Method for 18FDG generating using Geant4/ Gate7
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Abstract
Fluorine 18-deoxyglucose is often used in Positron Emission Tomography devices. Positron Emission Tomography imaging is one of the useful tools which is used for cancer detection and its management. Positron Emission Tomography growth is limited due to problems that depend on the production of Fluorine-18. Imaging results are strongly depending on the information of nuclear reaction cross-section data. This study is presented to calculate different quantities such as stopping power, CSDA range, and simulated and distributed absorbed dose of Fluorine-18 in water. In order to access these goals, we use Geant4/Gate7 simulation and the theoretical Bethe-Bloch model. The results of this simulation and the theoretical model presented are in good agreement with each other. The important point of this paper is the presentation of a theoretical approach in order to the production of Fluorine-18 using protons generated through the main D(d;p) Tand side 3He(d;p)4He nuclear fusion reaction in which uses Helium-3 is catalyzed.
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[2] Fischer BM. PET/CT is a cost-effective tool against cancer: synergy supersedes singularity. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43: 1749–1752.
[3] Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L and Bezak E. Imaging of Tumor Characteristics and Molecular Pathways with PET: Developments Over the Last Decade Toward Personalized Cancer Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol .2018; 102: 1165–1182.
[4] Cherry SR. Total-body imaging: transforming the role of positron emission tomography. Sci Trans Med. 2017; 9: 381-389.
[5] Oelfke U. Proton dose monitoring with PET: quantitative studies in Lucite Phys Med Biol. 1996; 41: 177-186.
[6] Parodi K, Enghardt W and Haberer T. In-beam PET measurements of β+ radioactivity induced by proton beams. Phys Med Biol. 2002; 47 :21-26.
[7] Paans AMJ and Schippers JM. Proton Therapy in combination with PET as monitor: A feasibility study. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1993; 40 :1041-1043.
[8] Litzenberg D. On-line Monitoring and PET Imaging of the Positron-Emitting Activity Created in Tissue by Proton Radiotherapy Beams. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Michigan. 1997.
[9] Nakai S and Mima K, Reports on Progress in Physics. 2004; 67: 321–349.
[10] Atzeni S and Meyer-Ter-Vehn J. The Physics of Inertial Fusion, Oxford Science Publications. 2004.
[11] Cañadas M, Arce P, and Rato Mendes P. Validation of a small‐animal pet simulation using gamos: A GEANT4‐based framework. Phys Med Biol. 2011;56: 273– 288.
[12] Assie K, Gardin I, Vera P and Buvat I . Validation of the Monte Carlo simulator GATE for Indium 111 imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2005; 50:3113–3125
[13] Bethe H. Bremsformel für Elektronen relativistischer Geschwindigkeit. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1932; 76: 293–299.
[14] Ziegler, J. F. Stopping of energetic light ions in elemental matter. Journal of Applied Physics 1999; 85: 1249–1272.
[15] Bloch F. Zur Bremsung rasch bewegter Teilchen beim Durchgang durch Materie. Annalen der Physik. 1933; 408:285–320.
[16] Rohrlich F, Carlson BC. Positron–electron differences in energy loss and multiple scattering. Physical Review. 1954; 93:38–44.
[17] Tsoulfanidis N. Measurement and detection of radiation. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis, Washington; 1995: 1–636.
[18] Tanır G, Bölükdemir MH, Keleş S, Göker I. On the stopping power for low energy positrons. Chinese Journal of Physics. 2011; 50:1–9.
[19] Gümüş H. New stopping power formula for intermediate energy electrons. Applied Radiation Isotopes. 2008; 66:1886–1890.
[20] Gümüş H, Kabaday O, Tufan CM. Calculation of the stopping power for intermediate energy positrons. Chinese Journal of Physics. 2006; 44:290–296.
[21] Krane K. Modern Physics. 2nd Edition. Department of Physics, Oregon University. John Wiley & sons Inc USA; 1996: 145.
[22] Atoms JET. Radiation and Radiation Protection. 3rd Edition. Completely Revised and Enlarged Edition. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Germany; 2007: 606.
[23] Koch HW, Motz JW. Bremsstrahlung cross section formulas and related data. Reviews of Modern Physics. 1959; 31:920–55.
[24] Prestwich WV, Nunes J, Kwok CS. Beta dose point kernels for radionuclides of potential use in radioimmunotherapy. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1989; 30:1036–46.
[25] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Guidance on Facility Design and Production of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 2012, VIENNA.
[26] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Principles and Practice, Technical Reports Series , 2009,No. 465, IAEA, Vienna.
[27] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Physical Characteristics and Production Methods, Technical Reports Series , 2009, No. 468, IAEA, Vienna.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 4 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v13i4.14405 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Fluorine-18 Fusion Stopping power Absorbed dose Proton | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Shakeri A, Heidari E, Hosseini Motlagh SN, Vanaei HR. New Method for 18FDG generating using Geant4/ Gate7. Basic Clin Cancer Res. 2023;13(4):320-335.
