Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Survival in Türkiye as of 2020
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Abstract
Cancer registration is better understood with the Globocan project. In our article, we compiled the cancer incidence, mortality, and survival data of Türkiye. We presented incidence and mortality related data from the Global Cancer Observatory, and survival related data from CONCORD-3. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) were excluded from interpretations for all indicators. The number of new cancer cases in Türkiye with a population of more than 80 million was estimated as 227,310 people in total, 128,802 in men and 98,508 women. In the same year, 125,788 people was estimated that died due to cancer, of which 78,633 were men and 47,155 were women. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 (ASIR, world standard population) of all cancers except for NMSC was estimated to be 225.6 (283.0 for men and 184.0 for women). The five most common cancers were breast cancer with the ASIR of 46.6, following prostate cancer (ASIR = 42.5), lung cancer (ASIR = 40.0), colorectal cancer (ASIR = 20.6), and thyroid cancer (ASIR = 14.3). The age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 (ASMR, world standard population) of all cancers was estimated to be 119.9 (171.0 for men, 81.1 for women). The top 5 most common cancers for both sexes and all age groups were lung, breast, colorectal, prostate and thyroid cancers, respectively. On the other hand, the top 5 most common cancer-caused deaths for both sexes and all age groups were lung, colorectal, stomach, pancreas, breast cancers, respectively. The top 5 cancers with worst 5-year age-standardized net survival rate for the sites of cancers in Türkiye between 2010 and 2014 were as follows: pancreas 10.4%, lung 14.9%, liver 15.9%, esophagus 19.0% and stomach 24.9%. Not only existing and increasing potential behavioral and possible environmental risk factors by time are a public health threat for Türkiye, but also some unchangeable factors e.g. the aging population and the prolongation of life expectancy are contributing increasing cancer incidence. In addition to incidence data, mortality and survival data are also considered, preventive strategies with public health principle should be strengthened. In addition, population-based cancer registries and research on cancer epidemiology based on the data released from these registries should be supported.
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24. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-E386.
25. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249.
26. Hu K, Ding P, Wu Y, Tian W, Pan T, Zhang S. Global patterns and trends in the breast cancer incidence and mortality according to sociodemographic indices: an observational study based on the global burden of diseases. BMJ Open. 2019;9(10):e028461.
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28. The World Bank. Gini index (World Bank estimate): https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI. Accessed March 15, 2022.
2. Jensen OM, Storm HH. Purposes and uses of cancer registration. In: Jensen OM, Parkin DM, MacLennan R, Muir CS, Skeet RG, editors. Cancer Registration: Principles and Methods. IARC Scien. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 1991. p. 7-21.
3. Bray F, Colombet M, Mery L, et al., editors. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Vol. XI. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Lyon, France; 2021.
4. Eser S, Yakut C, Özdemir R, et al. Cancer incidence rates in Türkiye in 2006: a detailed registry based estimation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(6):1731-1739.
5. Global Cancer Observatory. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): https://gco.iarc.fr/. Accessed July 10, 2022.
6. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Data & Methods. GLOBOCAN 2020 annexes: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data-sources-methods. Accessed July 14, 2022.
7. Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018;391(10125):1023-1075.
8. Türkiye Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları [Address Based Population Registration System Results], 2020. TURSTAT News Bulletin. Number: 37210: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2020-37210. Accessed March 5, 2022.
9. Park S, Oh C-M, Cho H, et al. Association between screening and the thyroid cancer “epidemic” in South Korea: evidence from a nationwide study. BMJ. 2016;355:i5745.
10. Pellegriti G, Frasca F, Regalbuto C, Squatrito S, Vigneri R. Worldwide Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer: Update on Epidemiology and Risk Factors. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2013;2013:1-10.
11. Rawla P. Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer. World J Oncol. 2019;10(2):63-89.
12. Baris E, Mollahaliloglu S, Aydin S. Healthcare in Türkiye: from laggard to leader. BMJ. 2011;342(jan21 1):c7456-c7456.
13. Silverman BG. Survey of Breast Cancer Incidence in the Middle East and the United States. Int J Women’s Heal Wellness. 2017;3(1):045.
14. Lima SM, Kehm RD, Terry MB. Global breast cancer incidence and mortality trends by region, age-groups, and fertility patterns. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:100985.
15. Dimitrova N, Znaor A, Agius D, et al. Breast cancer in South-Eastern European countries since 2000: Rising incidence and decreasing mortality at young and middle ages. Eur J Cancer. 2017;83:43-55.
16. Eser S, Chang J, Charalambous H, et al. Incidence patterns of colorectal cancers in four countries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, and İzmir, Türkiye) compared with those in the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Turkish J Gastroenterol. 2018;29(1):36-44.
17. National Household Health Survey – Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors in Türkiye 2017 (STEPS). Üner S, Balcılar M, Ergüder T, editors. World Health Organization Country Office in Türkiye, Ankara, 2018.
18. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Daily Smokers: https://data.oecd.org/healthrisk/daily-smokers.htm. Accessed June 20, 2021.
19. Anton-Culver H, Chang J, Bray F, et al. Cancer burden in four countries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Cyprus; Jordan; Israel; Izmir (Türkiye)) with comparison to the United States surveillance; epidemiology and end results program. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;44:195-202.
20. Charalambous H, Pavlou P, Chang J, et al. Lung Cancer Incidence Patterns in Four Countries of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Izmir (Türkiye)) with Comparison to the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Int J Cancer Res Ther. 2016;1(1):1-7.
21. Safiri S, Nejadghaderi SA, Abdollahi M, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019. Cancer Med. 2022;11(13):2662-2678.
22. World Health Organization (WHO). The Global Health Observatory. Indicators. Ambient and household air pollution attributable for trachea, bronchus and lung cancers death rate, both sexes (per 100 000 population, age-standardized): https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/ambient-and-household-air-pollution-attributable-death-rate-(per-100-000-population-age-standardized). Accessed March 10, 2022.
23. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı 2020 Faaliyet Raporu [Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health 2020 Annual Report]; Ankara, Türkiye, 2021.
24. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-E386.
25. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249.
26. Hu K, Ding P, Wu Y, Tian W, Pan T, Zhang S. Global patterns and trends in the breast cancer incidence and mortality according to sociodemographic indices: an observational study based on the global burden of diseases. BMJ Open. 2019;9(10):e028461.
27. The World Bank. The World Bank. Databank. Metadata Glossary. Gini index: https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/gender-statistics/series/SI.POV.GINI#:~:text=GINI index (World Bank estimate,from a perfectly equal distribution. Accessed March 15, 2022.
28. The World Bank. Gini index (World Bank estimate): https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI. Accessed March 15, 2022.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2022) | |
| Section | Reviews | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v14i1.14383 | |
| Keywords | ||
| cancer cases cancer statistics incidence mortality | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Eser S, Örün H, Hamavioğlu E, Lotfi F. Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Survival in Türkiye as of 2020. Basic Clin Cancer Res. 2023;14(1):1-13.
