Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 05 21 70 77 Amirhossein Eskandari Ministry of Health and Medical Education sadaf Alipour Tehran University of medical Sciences 2023 01 27 2023 04 08 Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are mediators of chronic inflammation, which is recognized as an underlying process in carcinogenesis. The role of AGEs in cancers is the focus of recent studies. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in the world and the etiology is unknown, but some risk factors have been defined; including obesity and diabetes. Both of these disorders are linked to AGEs; thus, BC and AGEs might be associated. AGEs in the human body either derive from the glycation of proteins and lipids in the blood, or from the dietary AGEs (dAGE). AGEs are mainly associated with disease states or aging, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, Alzheimer, renal failure, arthritis, skin problems, viral  infections, and osteoporosis. Some bioeffects of AGEs are consistent with the chain of events that occur during carcinogenesis. However, the studies about the role of AGEs in specific cancers are not conclusive, and some recent literature, especially clinical studies does not support the theory of the association between AGEs and cancers,. There does not exist a great deal of studies about the role of AGEs in BC, but the subject has been addressed recently.  The present evidence is rather in favor of the association of AGEs and breast cancer; however, the direction and type of this association are unclear. In-vitro studies show that AGEs promote features of invasiveness in BC, but clinical studies show diverse findings. In this study, we present an overview of the core existing knowledge about AGEs and their relation with diseases; then provide a brief review of the results of studies that have investigated the association of AGEs and cancer, and then proceed to a concise discussion about studies on AGEs and BC. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/469

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 06 17 78 86 Ali Farahat Yazd University of medical science Amirhossein Emami Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Reza Safaei Nodehi Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamran Roudini Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farhad Shahi Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2022 01 30 2023 01 11 Abstract Objective: We aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy using EOX regime in patients with locally advanced gastric and GEJ cancer who were admitted at Imam-Khomeini Oncology clinic and Aram clinic. Method: We performed a mix-cohort study in 51 gastric cancer patients. In the beginning, we performed contrast thorax and abdominal CT scan or ECO cardiograph to determine cancer staging. After that, each patient received 3-weeks EOX regime in 6 cycle. After each three cycles follow-up CT scan was performed to assess any possible progression. Response to the treatment, Overall survival, and Progression-Free Survival were the main outcomes that we evaluated in the current study. We used Kaplan-Meier approach and Cox regression to address survival rate and its prognostic factors. Results: Overall, 72.5% percent were male and mean age of study participants was 57.6. Complete response rate was observed in 11.1%, while 51.1% showed partial response. Median of overall survival and Progression-Free Survival was estimated 35.0 and 28.0 month, respectively. The 5-year overall survival was 74.2% and for PFS it was estimated at 57.7%. Conclusion: Preoperative chemotherapy using EOX regime could increase survival rate among patients with gastric and GEJ cancer. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/414

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 06 26 95 101 Ahad Muhammadnejad Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hossein Mehrani Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Seyedeh Parastoo Yasini Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Seyed Hamed Shirazi Beheshtiha Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 2023 02 13 2023 04 17 Background: Melanoma is the cause of death of 1.3% of all cancer patients in humans. The key role of BRAF protein in the progression of human melanoma has been confirmed and its prognostic significance has been revealed. Because canine cancer resembles human cancer in biological behavior and molecular abnormalities, BRAF protein may be expressed in canine melanoma, the same as human melanoma. despite the investigation of BRAF mutation in canine melanoma, the status of BRAF at the protein level in canine skin melanoma has not yet been examined.   Methods: Thirty-two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of canine malignant cutaneous melanoma were randomly selected. After cutting into 3-μm-thick sections, the samples were evaluated for BRAF protein expression by immunohistochemistry and using the anti-BRAF V600E (VE1) mouse monoclonal antibody.   Results: The BRAF status was assessed using the Allred scoring system. Among the 32 samples examined, 21 samples were negative and 11 cases showed high BRAF protein expression.   Conclusion:  The detection of positive BRAF expression in 34.3% of canine cutaneous melanoma samples could be a step forward to improve treatment options, use the dog as an animal model in human melanoma clinical trials, and possibly identify a new prognostic biomarker in canine melanoma. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/472

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 08 29 123 138 EN fatemeh Hosseinie 1. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Mahdieh Farhanji 1. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Ali Meshkinyazd 2. PhD in Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad khakzad PhD in Immunology, Full time faculty member in Azad Medical School of Mashhad, department of Immunology, Head of innovative Medical Research center, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 2022 12 14 2023 05 13 Introduction: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Moderately increased risk of stomach cancer has been associated with tobacco smoking and Alcohol drinking. In this systematic review, we summarized the current knowledge on the relation between smoking and alcohol, both alone and in combination, to the risk of gastric cancer. Method: This study was conducted in 2023 with a structured overview in the Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) databases. We investigated the studies that were published between 2010 and 2023. In the first step, articles were extracted based on their titles and abstracts; the quality of 58 articles was evaluated using the STORBE tool. Inclusion criteria were the English language (first step), the year of the study, and the study type (second step). Results: Of these 39 articles, 17 ones were case-control studies, 21 were cohort studies, one was a descriptive study. eleven articles were related to alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer, twenty-three articles were related to smoking and risk of gastric cancer, and five articles were related to smoking and alcohol consumption in combination and risk of gastric cancer. Many studies reported a significant association between alcohol and gastric cancer risk. Also, three studies showed that smoking acts as a risk factor for developing gastric cancer only in certain genotypes and not in all people. Conclusion: Based on the best of our knowledge and present studies, consumption of alcohol and smoking are risk factors of gastric cancer. It is better to conduct more studies on this issue in different populations in the future. We also suggest that future studies focus more on the intracellular mechanisms of these associations than on epidemiological outcomes. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/459

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 06 26 102 112 Kebria Mohammadi Department of biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahshid Rafi Department of biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hadiseh Mohammadpour Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tums), Tehran, Iran Faranak Jamshidian Department of biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2023 01 25 2023 04 04 Backgrounds: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) group. The increasing frequency of oral carcinomas and their late-stage appearance is a major worldwide health concern. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cancer growth and progression, as the available relevant data indicate. However, no information is available about the part miR-7113-3p and miR-6721-5p takes in OSCC. In the present study, the expression of MAP2K1, miR-7113-3p, and miR-6721-5p was examined to determine their possible biological role in the advancement of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Quantitative Real-Time PCR was applied to investigate the mRNA expression of MAP2K1, miR-7113-3p, and miR-6721-5p in fresh frozen OSCC tissues and adjacent normal fresh frozen tissues of 30 patients and then, the relationship between MAP2K1 Expression and clinical parameters was studied. Results: MAP2K1 expression dramatically increased in tumor tissues compared to the normal tissues, while miR7113-3p and miR-6721-5p expression significantly decreased. Furthermore, a statistical correlation of p=0.04 was also observed between increased MAP2K1 expression and Perineural invasion. In addition, the downregulation of miR-7113-3p was positively correlated with overexpression of MAP2K1 (p=0.0218) and a negative correlation was observed between downregulation of miR-6721-5p and overexpression of MAP2K1 (p=0.7771). Conclusion: Based on the findings, miR-7113-3p and miR-6721-5p might be prospective biomarkers for OSCC patients, and can be utilized to detect OSCC at an early stage of its diagnosis. MAP2K1 overexpression is linked to the development of OSCC and Perineural invasion. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/467

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 06 26 87 94 Kamran Roudini Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrzad Mirzania Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Seyyed Amirhossein Emami Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Seyyed Reza Safayi Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Ehsan Kamali yazdi Hematology and Oncology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Nasim Zarifi Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Masoud Mortezazadeh Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Shima Rafiee Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Abbas Mofidi School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Kashani School of medicine, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Ensieh sadat Mansouri Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Mohammad Siahkalmahalleh Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, Islamic Republic Of Ahmad Khajeh Mehrizi Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic Of 2023 01 06 2023 04 25 Abstract : Background: This study evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy on overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative tumor without lymph node involvement. Methods: Breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and no lymph node involvement were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patient records were used to collect data on sex, age, time of disease onset, tumor subtype, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular and perineural involvement, ki67, and treatment protocols. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Patients who received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and patients who received hormonal therapy only. Disease-free survival index (DFS) and overall survival index (OS) were evaluated. Results: Sixty-seven female patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 68.2% received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and 31.6% received hormonal therapy only. During follow-up, recurrences occurred in 8 patients. The 3-year and 5-year DFS were 93.4% and 90%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year DFS were 94% and 92%, respectively, in patients who received both adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, and 91% and 85%, respectively, in patients who received hormonal therapy. None of the factors studied affected the 3-year and 5-year DFS. The 3-year and 5-year DFS OS were 98.6% and 96.9%, respectively CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and no lymph node involvement compared with similar patients receiving hormone therapy alone had no significant difference in disease-free survival index and overall survival index. Keywords: breast cancer; disease-free survival index; overall survival index https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/461

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 2 2023 08 29 113 122 Soumita Poddar Assistant Professor, Department of Radiotherapy,  Murshidabad Medical college and Hospital.  Amitabha Chakrabarti Associate Professor, Department of Radiotherapy, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Designation in Murshidabad Medical college and Hospital: Associate Professor. Bodhisattwa Dutta Present Designation: Specialist, Grade 2, Department of Radiation Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata. Designation in Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital: Medical Officer (Specialist). Murshidabad Medical college and Hospital. Santu Mondal Department of Radiotherapy, I.P.G.M.E.R and S.S.K.M Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal SK. MD. Rejakul Islam Residential Medical Officer cum Clinical Tutor, Department of Radiotherapy, Murshidabad Medical college and Hospital. Azizul Purkait RMO cum Clinical Tutor, Department Radiotherapy, Murshidabad Medical college and Hospital. 2023 01 23 2023 02 21 Background:       Carcinoma  breast  is  most  commonly  diagnosed  cancer  at  present. Due  to  systemic  nature  of  disease,  chemotherapy  plays  an  important  role  in  treatment  of  carcinoma breast.  Relapse (loco-regional or metastatic)  is  not  uncommon  in  this  disease.  Both  eribulin  and  capecitabine  are  effective  as  single  agent  in  relapsed  disease.  In  this  single-institutional  retrospective  study,  eribulin  and  capecitabine  have  been used  as  combination  chemotherapy regimen in patients  with  relapsed  carcinoma  breast.   Marerials and methods:       Patients  diagnosed  to  have  relapsed  carcinoma  of  breast,   who  were  ER and/or  PR positive,  Her-2/neu negative  or  triple negative  and  received  eribulin  alongwith capecitabine,  were  included  in  our  study.  Primary  objective  of  this  study  was  to  assess  response,  progression-free  survival (PFS)  and  overall  survival (OS).  Secondary objective  was  toxicity  assessment. Results:      48  patients  were  included  in  our  study.  Median  age  of  patients  was  56 years.  Thirty six (75%)  patients  had  ER and/or PR positive status  and  twelve (25%)  patients  had  ER/PR negative  status. Five (10.4%)  patients  achieved  complete  response (CR).  Thirty two (66.7%)  patients  achieved  partial  response (PR).  Disease  was  stable (SD)  in  nine (18.8%) patients.  Two (4.2%) patients  suffered  from  progressive  disease (PD).  Median   Progression-free survival (PFS)  was  10.15 months.  Mean  of  PFS  of  patients  was  10.72 (95% CI- 9.72-11.72)  months.  Median  overall survival (OS)  was  18.15 months.  Mean  of  overall  survival of  patients  was  19.56 (95% CI- 17.9-21.22) months.      Nineteen (39.6%)  and  three (6.2%)  patients  experienced  grade 2  and  grade 3  anemia  respectively.  Eighteen (37.5%)  and  two (4.2%)  patients  suffered  from  grade 2  and  grade 3 neutropenia  respectively.  One  patients  experienced  grade 2  thrombocytopenia.  Nineteen (39.6%)  patients  experienced  grade 2  diarrhoea.  One  patients  suffered  from  grade 3 diarrhoea.  Palmo-plantor  erythrodysesthesia  was  seen  in  eight (16.7%)  patients. Six (12.5%) patients  suffered  from  grade 2  neuropathy. Two (4.2%)  patients  experienced  grade 3 neuropathy.  Fatigue  was  seen  in  19 (39.6%)  patients. Conclusion:     Eribulin  alongwith  capectabine  can  be  used  in  patients  with  relapsed  carcinoma  breast,  in  whom  anthracycline  and  taxane  have  previously  been  used;  with response  rate  and  survival  better  than  either  single  agent  chemotherapy.  This  regimen  is  important  particularly  for  TNBC,  where  option  for  chemotherapy  is  limited. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/464