Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 02 12 92 104 EN Arash Abdolmaleki Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran Aida Karimian Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Asadollah Asadi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Hussein A. Ghanimi College of Nursing, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, PO Box 198, Iraq. Muhammad Akram Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan. 2021 09 15 2021 11 16 Cancer is a genetic illness that develops for a variety of reasons, including the activation of onco-genes, the failure of tumor suppressor genes, or mutagenesis induced by environmental stimuli. This article was produced using data from the journals PubMed, Nature, Science Direct, Springer, and Elsevier. Oncogenes are altered forms of normal proto-oncogenic genes that are important for cell proliferation, development, and regulation. The transformation of a gene to an oncogene is caused by translocation, chromosomal translocation, or gene mutation due to addition, deletion, duplication, or viral infection. To limit malignant cell development, these oncogens are targeted by medications or the RNAi system. Various molecular biology methods for cancer detection and treatment have been developed, including retroviral therapy, oncogene silencing, and alterations in tumor suppressor genes. Among all the techniques used, RNAi, zinc finger nucleases, and CRISPR have a greater chance of reaching a cancer-free planet. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/401 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/401/485

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 02 12 111 118 Sahar Rostami Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azin Nahvijou Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran 2021 10 28 2022 01 15 Background: Gynecologic cancers (GCs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in females worldwide. Estimating the cancer burden is invaluable to set up priorities for research funding allocations, cancer control policies, and prevention strategies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently released the latest estimates on the prevalence, incidence, and mortality for 36 types of cancer and all cancer sites combined in 185 countries in 2020. Methods: We obtained data on the incidence, mortality, and prevalence of GCs in the Iranian female population from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database presented by the IARC, compared the burden with the previous reports presented in 2012 and 2018, and provided the estimates for 2040. In addition, we compared the burden to that of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) and the world. Results: There has been a slight increase in the incidence of GCs in recent years after stable rates for a couple of decades. The growing availability of incidence rates from population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and mortality rates from vital statistics offices in Iran may account for the increasing trend. Conclusions: Cancer awareness campaigns and high-quality prevention programs may result in better GC prevention among women. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/404 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/404/487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 01 29 84 91 Ghazaleh Ganjipour Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of advanced science and technology, Tehran medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Masomeh Heshmati Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of advanced science and technology, Tehran medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Hashemi Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Iran AND 3.Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Maliheh Entezari Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Iran AND Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran . 2021 11 14 2021 12 05 Background and Goal:After lung cancer, breast cancer is considered as the second prevailed type of cancer among women. Circular RNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs that through endogenous RNAs’ mechanism play role in tumorigenesis and progression of malignancies. However, little information is known about their role and importance in cancer progression and their chemical resistance. The research has been performed to the aim of studying effect of effective dosages of Iron superoxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles, and Q10 antioxidant alone or simultaneously on hsa_circ_0001518 expression in mice with breast cancer compared to healthy mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 120 mature female mice BALB/c (Five groups of 10 mice each) have been studied in two groups of healthy mice and those with breast cancer. Inducing breast cancer has been taken place through injection of 4T1 cell line to mice. IC50has been specified on 4T1 cell line through 48 hours treatment with iron superoxide (50, 100, 150, and 200mcg/ml) and nickel oxide (10, 20, 30, and 40mcg/ml) nanoparticles, and Q10 antioxidant (20, 60, 80, and 100mcg/ml). Finally, effect of IC50in treatments alone and combination therapy with iron superoxide, nickel oxide, and Q10 antioxidant on hsa_circ_0001518 has been evaluated, using real-time-PCR. Findings: The results from bioinformatic analysis of circBase showed that hsa_circ_0001518 affects Bcl2 apoptosis inhibitor gene and can play role in creation and progression of breast cancer through anti-apoptotic effects. IC50has been calculated to be respectively equal to 42.92, 49.21, and 47.83mcg/ml for nanoparticles of iron superoxide, nickel oxide, and Q10 antioxidant. The results related for real time PCR showed that expression level of hsa_circ_0001518 under combination therapy with nanoparticles of iron superoxide, nickel oxide and Q10 antioxidant in cancerous cells compared to healthy cells has shown significant reduction. Discussion and Conclusion:The research results confirm increase of cell damage resulted from oxidative stress of nanoparticles of iron superoxide and nickel oxide in combination therapy with Q10 antioxidant compared to treatments alone in cancerous mice. So, using nanoparticles and Q10 simultaneously can be considered in designing a medicine for breast cancer treatment. Oxidative stress resulted from nanoparticle treatment in combination with Q10 can have inhibitory effect on Q10 antioxidant properties in cancerous cells; and, with induction of apoptosis; it may lead to decrease of hsa_circ_0001518 expression. Therefore, studying changes of expression level of hsa_circ_0001518 can be taken into consideration in future and after performance of follow up studies as a molecular biomarker in breast cancer diagnosis and target therapy. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/406 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/406/489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 04 29 143 155 Roghayeh Fekri Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Arash Abdolmaleki Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran Asadollah Asadi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Mehdi Salehi Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Aida Karimian Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Leila Taghizadehmomen Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Rehab Raheem Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn -Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Lia Karimian Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Guilan, Iran 2021 12 28 2022 02 16 Cancer treatment has traditionally been comprised of established treatments such as radiation, surgical excision, and chemotherapy, which can be used alone or in combination. Many therapeutic factors have been extracted from minerals, plants, and animals, the majority of them have been synthesized in the lab, making them a valuable source of innovation pharmacologically. Due to the in vitro cytotoxic effect of metal complexes, the interest in these compounds increases day by day in cancer treatment. The electronic nature of metals, modifications in ligands, and conformational changes in functional groups give rise to the discovery of drugs with different cytotoxic and pharmacokinetic properties. In recent decades, the number of persons receiving chemotherapy has increased considerably. Medicinal inorganic chemistry can take advantage of the unique properties of metal ions to generate new drugs. This has prompted chemists to use various approaches creating novel metal-based anticancer drugs with various mechanisms of action, which are significant in the pharmaceutical industry due to their potent anticancer properties. Schiff base ligands and transition metals are the most researched coordination chemicals. Their applications as anticancer medicines are becoming more significant. This research analyzes various publications linked to copper complexes based on Schiff base hydrazone ligand in cancer treatment, and this review will analyze publications on these compounds' anticancer qualities. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 02 12 105 110 Rahmatollah Moradzadeh Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Shahla Mirgaloybayat M.D. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 09 26 2022 01 28 Background: By identifying the local foci and clusters of diseases, it can be hoped to reduce the incidence and deaths of the disease by making the necessary interventions. It was aimed to detect possible colorectal cancer incidence clusters using spatial analyses at point-level data at small census units in Arak, Iran from 2009 to 2014. Methods: In this ecologic study, recorded data on colorectal cancer in Arak have been collected from the Arak Cancer Registry. All records have been evaluated one-by-one using various methods to detect and resolve any probable error events or duplicated records. Then SaTScan software was used to explore spatial clusters. Discrete Poisson-based Probability Model was used to analyze the clusters. Results: 398 incidence cases of colorectal cancer was included. Three spatial clusters of colorectal cancer using individual geocodes were detected. The most high-risk cluster was located in the near of south highway of Arak, the highway with transit road of heavy and light vehicles(p=0.0004). The second significant high-risk cluster was a district located in the vast part of the center of Arak. The identified third high-risk cluster was an area in suburb of Arak, Proximity of Farmahin-Arak road and Northern highway. Conclusion: This study has identified three important clusters for the high incidence of colorectal cancer in Arak. Residents of these clusters need to be screened and trained to learn a healthy lifestyle. It is recommended that analytical studies at the individual level be designed and implemented to find the risk factors for colorectal cancer. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/403

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 04 10 133 142 Marveh Rahmati Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Narges Ahmadmiri Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Amin Moosavi Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 14965/161, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 06 2022 03 07 The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive pathway activated by the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress often occurs due to the high protein synthesis in cells and errors made in folding in several diseases such as different cancers and autoimmune diseases. UPR is mediated by three primary arms called inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α). Given that homeostasis in protein synthesis is frequently deregulated in cancers, UPR has a critical role in controlling survival and cell death. Indeed, cancer cells’ resistance to apoptosis is mediated by the pro-survival mechanism of ER stress. Due to the deregulation of UPR signaling in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia, protein translation will not be set well, and in this time, targeting UPR-driven pro-survival pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy in leukemia. This study aims to provide an updated role of UPR as a novel target in leukemia. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/411

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 2 2022 03 14 127 132 Reza Ghaletaki Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC), Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Kazemian Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC), Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Saeed Rezaei Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Soleimanian Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC), Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Negin Mohammadi Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC), Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran <24 09 07 179 186 Hanieh Soltani Student research committee, Razi faculty of nursing and midwifery, Kerman University of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran Atefeh Ahmadi Nursing research center, Department of counselling in midwifery, Razi faculty of nursing and midwifery, Kerman University of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran Malihe Afiat Emam Reza hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Shahrzad Zolala Department of midwifery, Nursing research center, Razi faculty of nursing and midwifery, Kerman University of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran 2024 01 10 2024 07 02   Aim We evaluated the prevalence of gynecologic cancers in south of Iran in 2014-2019. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive study aimed to study 1222 patients with female gynecological cancers who were referred to the specialized oncology and radiotherapy clinics in Kerman city in south of Iran. The required information was gathered from the cases recorded in available pathology centers in Department of Health in Kerman province during 2014 -2019 years. The data analysis was done by SPSS20 software via descriptive statistics tests of Chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA. Results The uterine (38.98%), and ovarian cancers (36.94%) had the highest relative frequencies. There was no significant difference in the relative frequency of female cancers in the five time intervals (p>0/01). The age average of patients was 66/15 ±58/53 years which was significantly different among different types of cancer (p<0/01). The highest and lowest age average was related to the vagina (61.89±26.64) and placenta (30.66±5.50) cancers. Conclusion The most frequent cancer in the first two years of study was ovarian cancer, while the most frequent cancer in the next three years of the study was the uterine cancer. The highest and lowest age averages were related to vagina cancer, and trophoblastic cancer, respectively. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/513

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 15 3 2024 09 25 187 196 Diksha Sukhija Senior Resident Diptajit Paul Pt B D Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak Ashok Chauhan Senior Professor & Head Abhishek Soni Associate Professor Paramjeet Kaur Professor Joginder Redhu Junior Resident 2023 10 05 2024 07 17 Introduction: It was earlier documented that concurrent systemic therapy has a beneficial effect in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients when given along with palliative local radiation. But, the data in Indian population is limited. So, we conducted the study to assess the effect of concurrent erlotinib and palliative thoracic radiotherapy as compared to palliative radiotherapy alone in patients with advanced and/or metastatic NSCLC. Material & Methods: Previously untreated patients of advanced and/or metastatic NSCLC, were included in this study, to receive either palliative radiotherapy 30Gy/10fractions with concurrent erlotinib 150mg daily (Group 1) or radiotherapy alone with similar dose-fractionation (Group 2). Symptomatic relief & quality of life (QoL) were assessed using different internationally validated tools. Results: A total of 60-patients were enrolled into the study. After 4-weeks of radiotherapy, patients in group 1 showed better improvement in QoL scoring and had more symptomatic relief than group 2. Nineteen and eleven patients of group 1 and 2 showed partial response. Median survival was 7.4 and 5.1 months in group 1 & 2, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concluded that concurrent erlotinib with palliative thoracic radiotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic NSCLC patients results in increased symptomatic relief & survival as well improvement in QoL. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/496

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 15 3 2024 10 12 197 215 Shruti Talashi University of the West of Scotland 2024 05 16 2024 07 07 Background: Oestrogen plays a vital role in breast development and is strongly related to breast cancer. This research article delves into this paradox. Inflammation is a cancer hallmark that involve chemokine that attract inflammatory immune cells and promote breast cancer spread. E2 as a potential oestrogen can inhibit chemokine secretion, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Interestingly, atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), as anti-inflammatory G protein-independent transmembrane proteins, act as "scavengers," removing excessive chemokine's, resulting in reduced inflammation, and most strikingly, these genes are essential for normal breast development. This finding suggested that ACKRs may act as tumour suppressors. This study investigated whether a higher E2 level can influence the expression of its own receptors type and ACKRs. Method: In this research, a relative gene expression study been carried out on target genes estrogen receptors (ERa, ERb) and atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR2, ACKR3 & ACKR4) normalised with TOP1