Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 17 1 2026 04 27 241 251 Mehran Sharifi 0000-0003-2772-620X Mohammad Gholamshahi Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Seyed Amirhossein Dormiani Tabatabaei Cancer Prevention Research Center Seyed Hamed Tooyserkani Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ahmad Akhoondi Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran; 2025 09 27 2025 12 04 Introduction: Non-responsive or relapsed lymphoma patients may benefit from salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), an effective treatment, particularly in non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma. This study aimed to investigate recurrence in these patients and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed outcomes of lymphoma patients undergoing ASCT at Omid Hospital (2016-2020). Comprehensive data on demographics, treatment, underlying disease, recurrence, and pre-transplantation laboratory parameters were collected from hospital records. Follow-up from transplantation to February 2021 allowed for survival and recurrence evaluation using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. The study included patients without concurrent plasma cell disorders or other hematological malignancies for a focused lymphoma treatment outcome analysis. Results: Forty-nine lymphoma patients underwent ASCT (21 HL, 42.9%; 28 NHL, 57.1%). Gender distribution was similar (30 males, 61.2%; 19 females, 38.8%; P=0.774). Mean age at transplantation was 38.8 ± 11.15 years (P=0.519 between groups). Recurrence occurred in 14 patients (7 in each group; P=0.523), with a mean recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 25.2 months (95% CI: 21.44-28.96). HL patients had a lower mean RFS and a higher recurrence hazard ratio (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.420-3.76), though not statistically significant (P=0.683). In NHL, older age significantly correlated with recurrence (P=0.030). While male gender and older age were associated with lower survival, only advanced age in NHL significantly predicted decreased survival (HR: 1.167, 95% CI: 1.102-1.197). Conclusions: Male HL patients showed diminished survival and an elevated hazard ratio (not statistically significant). Advanced age significantly predicted reduced survival in NHL patients. Pre-transplant laboratory markers did not significantly predict survival. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/582