Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 16 4 2025 11 08 183 195 David Alfa Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Entonu Entonu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria Simon Drisu Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Andrew Nok Africa Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Nigeria Humphrey Nzelibe Africa Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Nigeria Asegame Aimola Africa Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Nigeria Faruk Mohammed Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Shika, Nigeria Anayochukwu Ngene Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Oluwadare Balogun Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2025 05 29 2025 08 23 This study investigates the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on serum markers of prostate cancer, and semen quality, in male Wistar rats. The rats were administered varying doses of MSG (15mg, 50mg, 100mg, 500mg, and 1000mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Our results showed that 15mg/kg MSG significantly decreased serum markers of prostate cancer (TAP, TPSA, FPSA) and increased GGT levels, indicating a positive influence on the prostate gland. In contrast, 50mg and 100mg/kg MSG improved semen quality by boosting sperm count, viability, and morphology. Notably, MSG exhibited a dual dose-dependent hormetic behavior, where low doses elicited favorable responses, but higher doses elicited negative responses. These findings suggest that 15mg/kg MSG may be considered for prostate cancer treatment research, while 500mg/kg MSG may be used to induce prostate cancer in rats with prolong use. Controlled administration of 50mg/kg MSG and antioxidants may be beneficial in treating male infertility and protecting against prostate cancer. The study's results have implications for the use of MSG in food and pharmaceutical applications, and highlight the need for further research into its potential health implications. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/574