Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 17 2 2026 08 09 547 547 EN Emmanuel Ugwu Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria Ujunwa Dike Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria King-David Ahuchaogu Pharmacy Council of Nigeria(PCN) Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria 2024 07 06 2026 01 25 Africa contribute significantly in the global burden of breast cancer. Crucial efforts have been made to understand the landscape of breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This article specifically examine the the existing evidence to better understand the risk factors that shape the epidemiology of breast cancer within the SSA region. This article sets off by discussing the epidemiology of breast cancer in SSA, with emphasis on how disparities occur in the region. The article explored the incidence rate across various countries in SSA. The article explored the various risk factors associated with breast cancer in SSA including genetic factors, relevant biomarkers, hormonal factors, reproductive factors, and some disparities in treatments amongst others. Genetics mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were discussed, buttressing how they contribute to the occurrence of breast cancer in the region. Certain biomarkers were also identified as risk factors of breast cancer and deserving of mention is the kaiso biomarker. Hormonal and reproductive factors such as age, breastfeeding time, family history, and body hormones such as estrogen and progesterone amongst others were identified as common risk factors of breast cancer in SSA. The poor treatment strategies and regimens in breast cancer care in SSA is also associated with breast cancer outcome, leading to an overall impact on the epidemiology of breast cancer in SSA. Evidence-based recommendations were also made to improve breast cancer care in SSA. Recommended techniques to addressing breast cancer care rely on genetic insights primarily aimed at informing a technologically-inclined future progress and research.   https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/547