Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 14 1 2023 02 14 52 58 Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary 1. Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad Kajiyazdi Associate professor of pediatric hematology and oncology, Pediatric hematology and oncology department, Bahrami children's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 09 22 2022 12 31 Acute myeloid leukemia as one of the most common malignant disorders in adults is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of blood producing cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis. The current study was conducted on 50 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 50 subjects as control group. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA. The RNA was extracted, and the expression of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 gene was evaluated using real-time PCR (ΔΔCT computational) after cDNA synthesis. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 19, and P<0.05 was considered as significant level. In patients suffered from acute myeloid leukemia, the mean serum levels of TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were lower than those in the control group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells had a significant decrease in AML patients compared to control group (p<0.0001). The results showed that changes in TNF-α, IL6, IL1-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 had significant relationship with acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, the present study supports the use of cytokines as biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/449