Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 1 2021 04 01 1 8 Reza Ghalehtaki Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Qarib Street, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran Kasra Kolahdouzan Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeed Rezaei Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Bagheri Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Jafari Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Chavoshi Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Negin Mohammadi Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azin Nahvijou Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nima Mousavi Darzikolaee Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samaneh Salarvand Department of Anatomical and Clinical Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Kazemian Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Aghili Department of Radiation Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kazem Zendehdel Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 03 14 2021 08 17 Background: COVID-19 could cause severe complications in those with pre-existing conditions such as cancer. Here, we aimed to assess the outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with a history of cancer. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted patients' records with any cancer history out of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our patients were admitted between February 20th up to July 15th. The primary outcome was death, and the secondary outcomes were overall survival, COVID-19 specific mortality, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. A group of individuals was selected out of the COVID-19 cohort without cancer history and matched for age, gender, and pre-existing conditions. We utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the association of studied variables and primary outcomes. Results: We identified 46 patients with cancer and COVID-19. The median age was 63, and 54.3% were male. According to the univariate logistic regression analysis, the death was 5.3 (CI95%: 1.75-15.85) times more probable in the cancer patients versus controls (p=0.003). The multivariate analysis adjusted for having cancer and sex, age, and having any comorbidity showed this figure was 5.5 (CI95%:1.8-16.8) (p=0.003). The 30- and 90-day COVID-19 specific mortality was 30% (CI95%:17-43) and 33% (CI95%: 20-46), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 who have a history of cancer have a considerably higher risk of death irrespective of age, gender, and other pre-existing conditions. A group of cancer patients needs the most vigorous care. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/380 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/380/490