Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 13 1 2021 12 08 30 50 Mahdi Aminian Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Tanhapour Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Abolfazl Golestani Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Asad Vaisi-Raygani Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2021 02 21 2021 05 17 Genetic heterogeneity accompanied by metastasis are the most important factors which have faced cancer treatment with the challenge. Recent studies have introduced a mutant of diphtheria toxin, cross-reacting materials 197 (CRM197), as a promising new biological anticancer drug to improve cancer therapy in patients who have previously resistant to chemotherapy. The weak toxicity of CRM197 accounts for the stimulation of cell apoptosis and the antitumor effect. Increasing evidence has indicated that the expression of Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like (HB-EGF) growth factor enhanced in most of the cancer cells and CRM197 is the specific inhibitor of it. The current study has focused on the structure, properties, and anticancer activity of CRM197. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/378 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/378/471