Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 11 1 2019 01 02 71 81 Zahra Zahedi-Tabar Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Shadab Bagheri-Khoulenjani Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Saeid Amanpour Cancer Biology Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Mirzadeh Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2018 09 08 2018 12 23 Hyperthermia is a novel method for cancer therapy. To have the best control when heating tissues in  hyperthermia, the use of magnetic nanoparticles is suggested. The local control of heat is very important in this technique, to prevent the damage of healthy tissues around the tumor, and therefore it is necessary to measure changes in temperature to determine the optimum conditions in which hyperthermia can create the desired results. The type and concentration of nanoparticles and nanoparticle distribution within the cancerous tissue are key factors affecting temperature distribution throughout the hyperthermia process. One of the main factors influencing nanoparticle distribution is the characteristics of the diffusion media, such as chemical composition, morphological and mechanical features, all of which affect the diffusion of nanoparticles at the cancer site. In this review, the most common in vitro and in vivo media and their influence on the results of hyperthermia are discussed. We also mention in silico as a computational model. Buffer solutions, cell cultures,microfluids, dead tissues and animal models are some of the in vitro media that are discussed in this review paper. In addition, some of the animal models used for hyperthermia will be mentioned. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/301