Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 3 3&4 2012 09 29 2 6 EN Abolfazl Movafagh Department of Medical Genetics, faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhad Shaveisi Zadeh Department of Medical Genetics, faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Haeri Department of Pharmacology, faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani Department of Pharmacology, faculty ofMedicine, Shahid Beheshti University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran Mohammad Hassan Heidari Department of Medical Anatomy, faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran Ali Reza Mousavi Jarrahi Department of Medical Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran 2012 07 03 2012 09 29 Background The induction of  cancers incidence by exogenous agents, such as chemical, radiation and especially research on viruses is an interested  area of active basic subjects  and clinical investigation. Prominent researches sounds a  high prevalence of HBV marker has been found in patients with leukemia as compared to the general population. Methods: Present   study was conducted from 1996  to 2010    among patients with chronic acute  myeloid leukemia and corresponding with non malignant patients. In this investigation,  Cytochemical staining, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic /molecular cytogenetics, Elisa, enzyme immunoassay and Western blot, were the main subject of laboratory manipulation. Results: Hepatitis B virus was diagnosed  in one non malignant control patient  (%0.004) and four infected with leukemia patients (%3). The differences of  leukemic patients revealed statistical significant when compared with non malignant patients (P=0.0047). Conclusion: In this pilot study, the prevalence of HBV infection was higher in patients with leukemia  than in patients as non malignant patients. Our findings are also important as they are among the first to suggest here a potentially significant influence of  HBV  infection may plays  a probably major role in the  process  of myeloid malignant  development. However, the number of cases are not large enough to draw firm conclusion. Moreover, we suggest that this pilot study, issue warrants further investigation by large consortium project. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/30 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/30/pdf