Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 11 2 2019 05 09 90 95 EN Mohsen Ayati Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Erfan Amini Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Momeni Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Nowroozi Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Shahrokhi Damavand Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 05 2019 04 08 Background: To evaluate the efficacy of Bioceram injection in men with severe stress urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Methods: A total of 18 patients underwent retrograde injection of Bioceram for severe stress urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Evaluation by pad test, international consultation on the Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and American Urology Association Symptom Score - Quality of Life (AUASS-QOL) was performed before and after injection therapy. Patients were considered cured if they were using no pads or only one safety pad per day. Results: Of 18 patients, 14 had received postoperative external beam radiation therapy. Furthermore, 5 patients required transurethral incision due to simultaneous stricture of the urethrovesical anastomosis. The baseline daily pad count changed from a mean of 6.1± 0.8 to 5.3 ± 1.7 (p = 0.010). None of the patients were cured and only 3 patients showed signs of improvement following injection. Conclusion: In patients with severe urinary incontinence, treatment with bulking agent injection is associated with modest efficacy. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/298