Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 7 2&3 2015 10 22 9 19 EN Maryam Hadji Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R of Iran Mahnoosh Khosravi Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R of Iran Elisabete Weiderpass Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norwayn AND Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway AND Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AND Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland Rahim Taghizadeh Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R of Iran Kazem Zendehdel Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R of Iran 2015 11 22 2015 11 22 Background: Organized cervical screening program has led to prevention of cervical cancer prevention worldwide. Women’s knowledge and attitudes is linked to their participation in cervical screening. Objective: We studied the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of women about cervical cancer prevention and the related factors in Tehran, I.R. of Iran. Methods: Trained interviewers used a validated questionnaire to study KAP in healthy women about cervical cancer prevention. We studied association between women’s knowledge and their attendance in cervical screening with different explanatory variables. We used logistic regression model for statistical analyses. Results: We recruited 799 women in this study. The women’s knowledge about cervical cancer prevention was positively associated with age at first pregnancy (P- value for trend 0.003). Illiterate women had 93% lower knowledge about cervical cancer and screening compared to highly educated women (OR=0.07, CI: 0.01, 0.34). Women who were living in the northern part of the city (higher socio economic status (SES)) had about 2-fold higher knowledge (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.64) and had a higher participation rate in screening (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.64) than women in the southern (lower SES) part of the city. Woman with a higher knowledge had about 2-fold higher  participation in the screening than those who had lower knowledge (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.70). Conclusion: We found that higher women’s knowledge, living in the high SES area, and higher academic education were statistically associated with attendance to screening. Tailored health promotion program for public awareness may increase the attendance in cervical screening. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/173 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/173/2