Tehran University of Medical Sciences Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2228-6527 6 3 2014 07 01 7 11 EN Tayeb Ramim Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seid Qusem Mousavi Nursing Faculty, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Leili Rosatmnia Nursing Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Azim Bazyar Nursing Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Vahid Ghanbari Nursing Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2014 04 30 2014 09 28 Background: While Young men are at higher risk of developing testicular cancer (TC), testicular-self examination (TSE) is an easy, cost effectiveness method to early detection of this disease. The aim of the study was to investigate medical sciences student`s awareness, attitude and self-efficacy about TC and TSE. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among full time young students (n=330) in a medical sciences university in the academic year 2010-2011. In order to collect data a self-administered questionnaire was applied by means of a convenience sampling method among 330 young males. Results: Less than 5% of the students reported they had knowledge regarding TSE and only 10% were performing it. Just 2% of them were found to have good knowledge about TC and 17% had good awareness about TSE. Under 10 % of the participants had good attitude about performing TSE and over 81 % also showed poor self-efficacy. Conclusion: The findings showed weak awareness and self-efficacy about TC and TSE cross young males; it is suggested more attentions should be paid educational courses of Medical Sciences students, more importantly, in terms of Principles and Practice of Cancer Prevention. https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/view/130 https://bccr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/bccrj/article/download/130/pdf